Catégorie : sabancaya

January 30 ,  2018.

Mayon , Philippines :

MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN 30 January 2018 08:00 AM

Beginning 7:50 last night, energetic lava effusion with sporadic lava fountaining events and generation of lava-collapse fed pyroclastic density currents or PDCs or “uson” occurred until 11:06 PM. Although the upper slopes were heavily obscured, the seismic record indicated onset of this eruption cycle with a large-volume lava collapse at 7:50 PM at the summit crater that fed PDCs on the Miisi and Bonga Gullies, followed by lava fountaining at 8:16 that lasted 8 minutes. This was followed by obscured large-volume lava effusion that lasted for an hour and 36 minutes, interspersed with sporadic lava fountaining and/ or PDC generation based on the seismic record. Sporadic lava fountaining was visually and seismically detected and persisted until 11:06 PM. The lava fountains reached 200 meters high and generated ash plumes that reached 1.5 kilometers above the crater. Significant ashfall was reported in Camalig and Guinobatan, Albay before 9:00 PM, possible due to the lava fountaining and PDC events.

A total of one hundred nineteen (119) volcanic earthquakes, nine (9) tremor events, two (2) of which correspond to lava fountaining events, two (2) distinct episodes of PDC generation from lava collapse, and sixty-eight (68) rockfall events were recorded by Mayon’s seismic monitoring network. Rockfall events were generated by the collapsing lava front and margins of the advancing lava flow on the Bonga and Miisi Gullies. Sulfur dioxide gas emission was measured at an average of 1,916 tonnes/day on 25 January 2018. Electronic tilt and continuous GPS measurements indicate a sustained swelling or inflation of the edifice since November and October 2017, consistent with pressurization by magmatic intrusion.

Alert Level 4 remains in effect over Mayon Volcano. The public is strongly advised to be vigilant and desist from entering the eight (8) kilometer-radius danger zone, and to be additionally vigilant against pyroclastic density currents, lahars and sediment-laden streamflows along channels draining the edifice. Civil aviation authorities must also advise pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano’s summit as ash from any sudden eruption can be hazardous to aircraft.

DOST-PHIVOLCS maintains close monitoring of Mayon Volcano and any new development will be communicated to all concerned stakeholders.

Source : Phivolcs

Photos : Manuel Soratorio II, AFP.

Sabancaya , Peru :

Explosive activity is down from the previous week, averaging 33 explosions a day. Events associated with Fluid Movement (Long Period Type) and Ash Emissions (Tremor) continue to dominate. Finally, the earthquakes related to the rise of the magma (type Hybrids) remain weak. 

The eruptive columns of gas and ash remained similar to the previous week, reaching a maximum height of 3000 m above the crater. The dispersion of these materials occurred within a radius of about 50 km, mainly to the southwest and northwest. 

Deformation monitoring at the GNSS station shows that the deformation curves maintain stable levels, without variations. 
The volcanic gas (SO2) flux recorded on January 22 has a maximum value of 3477 tons / day, considered large value. 

Five thermal anomalies were recorded according to the MIROVA system, with values ranging between 4 MW and 6 MW VRP (Radiated Volcano Power).
In general, eruptive activity maintains moderate levels. No major changes are expected in the following days.

Source : IGP.

Photo : Archive Ingemmet

Kusatsu-Shiranesan , Japan :

Volcanic activity still high at Mt.Kusatsu-Shirane.

The Meteorological Agency says another eruption on a similar scale is possible.

Officials are keeping the alert level for the volcano at 3 on a scale of 5. They say there is a risk of projectile rocks within a 2-kilometer range of the craters near the Kagamiike pond on Mount Motoshirane.
The local municipality has designated the area as an off-limits zone.
Many volcanic earthquakes have occurred since the eruption.

The daily numbers of quakes from Tuesday through Saturday were 639, 23, 50, 3 and 4. Two quakes had occurred as of 3 PM on Sunday.
Volcanic tremors occurred 4 times on Wednesday and twice on Thursday. They are believed to be caused by movements of underground hot water and gas.
No smoke can be seen around Mount Motoshirane in surveillance camera footage.

The agency is warning people to beware of falling rocks, volcanic ash, aerial vibrations and volcanic gas.
The land ministry flew a drone camera to investigate the crater and the area where the rocks landed.
Ministry officials operated the drone from a ski slope about 3 kilometers from the craters, and videotaped the off-limits zone to get a closer look at the crater and slopes.

Following last week’s eruption of Mount Moto-Shirane in Gunma Prefecture, both central and local authorities have come under fire for failing to issue a warning to climbers and skiers in the area until about an hour after the blast.
When a volcano erupts, the Meteorological Agency is supposed to issue an alert so people in the area can seek cover. Some experts blamed the tardy response to this incident on overly cautious officials.

The first alert “could just be that the volcano in question appears to have erupted. If they don’t know, more information can be provided in a follow-up alert. They should have operated more flexibly,” said Kazuhiro Ishihara, head of the Meteorological Agency’s Volcano Eruption Prediction Liaison Council, which includes experts from both inside and outside the government.
The agency detected volcanic tremors, usually seen prior to an eruption, around three minutes before the Jan. 23 event. When the mountain erupted at 10:02 a.m., waveforms on the agency’s monitor jumped. But due to poor weather, agency officials couldn’t confirm via its cameras whether any smoke and ash was being spewed.
They finally issued an alert at 11:05 a.m. and raised the volcano alert from level 2 to 3.

The Meteorological Agency in Tokyo first received information from municipal officials in the town of Kusatsu about 10 minutes after the eruption.
Meanwhile, employees at the Kusatsu International Ski Resort reported a possible eruption several minutes after the blast to the town of Kusatsu, where a task force was immediately set up.
Local authorities had to scramble amid contradictory information about casualties from falling rocks and an avalanche. It turned out later that no avalanche had taken place.
It wasn’t until 10:50 a.m. that the local government issued warnings over the public loudspeaker system telling people to take cover.

Many questions remain over how the information was collected and disseminated.

Sources :  3.nhk.or.jp , Japantimes .

Kadovar , Papua New Guinea :

Issue Date: 29th January
Volcano: Kadovar, East Sepik. Papua New Guinea
Reporting Period: 27th – 28th January 2018

Current Activity: Eruption continues unabated but appears to be slowing.
Main Crater still producing moderate emissions of thick white vapor clouds, rising to less than 100m before being blown to the SE. On the night of the 29th non continuous weak glow was observed.
Western Vent also produces weak to moderate thick but sometimes thin columns of steam.
Southern Vent is obscured by flumes of Ash/ Steam from main Crater.
South East Lava Dome emitting continuous white steam plume rising to 100m above the island then blown to the SE by wind. Continuous dull glow not visible at times is observed at night between the 28 -29 January 2018.
Emissions Mainly consist of steam with minor ash is emitted and is being blown to the SE. The ash plume extends for a few tens of kilometers in the SE direction.
Areas affected by ash fall: That will depend on prevailing wind directions will experience by light haze and fine ash fall.

Seismicity: Seismicity is at low insignificant levels.
Other monitoring: The situation is also being monitored by various satellite techniques.
S02 gases are also being emitted from the volcano. No new deformation data.

Prognosis: Levels of SO2 being emitted have dropped and seismicity has also lessened.
Eruptive activity still continues at low levels and situation is considered to be reasonably stable presently.
However it is also variable and situation is still considered to be fluid and dynamic. A low probability of tsunamis generation exists.
Risk:
High on Kadovar Island. A small Risk of Tsunami generation still exists for those on the mainland and islands within the Schouten Island Chain.

Source : Jonh Kawatt via Barbara Short.

30 Janvier 2018.

Mayon , Philippines :

BULLETIN D’ACTIVITE DU VOLCAN  MAYON , 30 janvier 2018 , 08:00.

Vers 7h50 la nuit dernière, un épanchement de lave énergique avec des événements de fontaines de lave sporadiques et la génération d ‘effondrement de lave qui ont alimenté des courants de densité pyroclastiques ou PDC  se sont produit jusqu’à 23h06. Bien que les pentes supérieures aient été fortement obscurcies, les enregistrements sismiques ont indiqué le début de ce cycle d’éruption avec un effondrement de lave de grand volume à 19h50 depuis le cratère du sommet qui alimentait les PDC dans les ravins de Miisi et de Bonga. Cela a duré 8 minutes. Cela a été suivi par un épanchement de lave de grand volume , obscurci , qui a duré pendant une heure et 36 minutes, entrecoupé de fontaines de lave sporadiques et / ou de génération de PDC sur la base de l’enregistrement sismique. La fontaine de lave sporadique a été détectée visuellement et sismiquement et a persisté jusqu’à 23h06. Les fontaines de lave atteignaient 200 mètres de haut et produisaient des panaches de cendres atteignant 1,5 kilomètre au-dessus du cratère. Des chutes de cendres significatives ont été signalées à Camalig et Guinobatan, Albay avant 21h00, en raison des fontaines de lave et des événements PDC.

Au total, cent dix-neuf (119) tremblements de terre volcaniques, neuf (9) événements de type tremor, dont deux (2) correspondent à des événements de fontaines de lave, deux (2) épisodes distincts de PDC issus de l’effondrement des coulées de lave, et soixante-huit (68) événements de chutes de pierres ont été enregistrés par le réseau de surveillance sismique du Mayon. Les événements de chutes de pierres ont été générés par l’effondrement du front et des bords des coulée de lave en progression dans les ravins de Bonga et de Miisi. Les émissions de dioxyde de soufre ont été mesurées en moyenne à 1 916 tonnes / jour le 25 janvier 2018. Les mesures GPS et d’inclinaison continues indiquent un gonflement continu de l’édifice depuis novembre et octobre 2017, compatible avec la pressurisation par intrusion magmatique.

Le niveau d’alerte 4 reste en vigueur sur le volcan Mayon. Il est fortement recommandé au public d’être vigilant , de ne pas pénétrer dans la zone dangereuse de huit (8) kilomètres et de faire preuve de vigilance contre les courants de densité pyroclastique, les lahars et les cours d’eau chargés de sédiments. Les autorités de l’aviation civile doivent également conseiller aux pilotes d’éviter de voler à proximité du sommet du volcan car les cendres provenant de toute éruption soudaine peuvent être dangereuses pour les aéronefs.

Le DOST-PHIVOLCS maintient une surveillance étroite du volcan Mayon et tout nouveau développement sera communiqué à toutes les parties prenantes concernées.

Source : Phivolcs

Photos : Manuel Soratorio II, AFP.

Sabancaya , Pérou :

L’activité explosive montre une baisse par rapport à la semaine précédente, atteignant en moyenne 33 explosions par jour. Les événements associés au mouvement des fluides (type Longue Période) et aux émissions de cendres (Tremor) continuent de prédominer. Enfin, les séismes liés à l’ascension du magma (type Hybrides) restent faibles.  

Les colonnes éruptives de gaz et de cendres sont restées similaires par rapport à la semaine précédente, atteignant une hauteur maximale de 3000 m au-dessus du cratère. La dispersion de ces matériaux s’est produite dans un rayon d’environ 50 km, principalement vers le Sud-Ouest et le Nord-Ouest. 

La surveillance de la déformation à la station GNSS montre que les courbes de déformation conservent des niveaux stables, sans variations. 
Le flux de gaz volcanique (SO2) enregistré le 22 janvier a une valeur maximale de 3477 tonnes / jour, valeur considérée comme grande. 
Cinq anomalies thermiques ont été enregistrées selon le système MIROVA, avec des valeurs comprises entre 4 MW et 6 MW de VRP (Puissance Volcanique Rayonnée ).

En général, l’activité éruptive maintient des niveaux modérés. Aucun changement majeur n’est prévu dans les jours suivants.

Source : IGP.

Photo : Archive Ingemmet

Kusatsu-Shiranesan , Japon :

L’activité volcanique reste toujours élevée sur le Mt.Kusatsu-Shirane .

L’Agence météorologique indique qu’une autre éruption à une échelle similaire est possible.

Les autorités maintiennent le niveau d’alerte du volcan au niveau 3 sur une échelle de 5. Ils disent qu’il y a un risque que des roches  se trouvent projetées à moins de 2 kilomètres des cratères près de l’étang Kagamiike sur le mont Motoshirane.
La municipalité locale a désigné la zone comme zone interdite.
De nombreux séismes volcaniques se sont produits depuis l’éruption.

Le nombre quotidien de séismes depuis le mardi de l’éruption jusqu’au samedi était de 639, 23, 50, 3 et 4. Deux séismes se sont produits à 15 heures le dimanche.
Des tremors volcaniques sont survenus quatre fois mercredi et deux fois jeudi. On pense qu’ils sont causés par des mouvements d’eau chaude souterraine et de gaz.
Aucune fumée ne peut être vue autour du mont Motoshirane sur les vidéos de surveillance.

L’agence avertit les gens de se méfier des chutes de pierres, des cendres volcaniques, des vibrations et des gaz volcaniques.
Le ministère des terres a dépêché une caméra de drone pour enquêter sur le cratère et la zone où les roches de l’éruption ont atterri.
Les fonctionnaires du ministère ont opéré avec le drone à partir d’une piste de ski à environ 3 kilomètres des cratères, et ont filmé la zone interdite pour observer de plus près le cratère et les pentes.

Suite à l’éruption du mont Kusatsu-Shirane la semaine dernière, les autorités centrales et locales ont été critiquées pour ne pas avoir averti les grimpeurs et les skieurs de la zone jusqu’à une heure environ après l’explosion.
Lorsqu’un volcan entre en éruption , l’Agence météorologique est censée émettre une alerte afin que les habitants de la région puissent se mettre à couvert. Certains experts ont attribué la lenteur de la réaction à cet incident à des fonctionnaires trop prudents.

La première alerte « pourrait simplement être que le volcan en question semble être entré en éruption. Si elles ne le savent pas, plus d’informations peuvent être fournies dans une alerte de suivi. Ils auraient dû opérer avec plus de souplesse « , a déclaré Kazuhiro Ishihara, chef du Conseil de liaison sur la prévision des éruptions volcaniques de l’Agence météorologique, qui comprend des experts de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur du gouvernement.
L’organisme a détecté des tremors volcaniques, habituellement observés avant une éruption, environ trois minutes avant l’événement du 23 janvier. Lorsque la montagne est entrée en éruption à 10h02, les courbes sur le moniteur de l’agence ont sauté. Mais en raison du mauvais temps, les responsables de l’agence n’ont pas pu confirmer via leurs caméras si de la fumée et des cendres avaient été émies.
Ils ont finalement émis une alerte à 11h05 et ont élevé le niveau d’alerte du volcan du niveau 2 à 3.

L’Agence météorologique de Tokyo a reçu des informations de la part des autorités municipales de la ville de Kusatsu environ 10 minutes après l’éruption.
Pendant ce temps, les employés de la station de ski internationale de Kusatsu ont signalé une éruption possible plusieurs minutes après l’explosion depuis la ville de Kusatsu, où une force opérationnelle a immédiatement été mise en place.
Les autorités locales ont dû se démener au milieu d’informations contradictoires sur les victimes de chutes de pierres et d’une avalanche. Il s’est avéré plus tard qu’aucune avalanche n’avait eu lieu.
Ce n’est que vers 10h50 que le gouvernement local a émis des avertissements sur le système de haut-parleurs publics pour dire aux gens de se mettre à couvert.

De nombreuses questions subsistent sur la manière dont l’information a été collectée et diffusée.

Sources :  3.nhk.or.jp , Japantimes .

Kadovar , Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée :

Date d’émission: 29 janvier 2018 .
Volcan: Kadovar, Sepik Est. Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée
Période de déclaration: du 27 au 28 janvier 2018

Activité actuelle: L’éruption continue sans relâche, mais semble ralentir.
Le cratère principal produit encore des émissions modérées de nuages ​​épais de vapeur blanche, s’élevant à moins de 100 m avant d’être dissipés vers le Sud-Est. Dans la nuit du 29, une faible lueur non continue a été observée.
L’évent Ouest produit également des colonnes de vapeur faibles à modérées mais parfois minces.
L’évent Sud est obscurci par les émissions de cendres / vapeur provenant du cratère principal.
Le dôme de lave du Sud-Est émet  un panache continu de vapeur blanche s’élevant jusqu’à 100 m au-dessus de l’île, puis dissipés vers le Sud-Est par le vent. Une lueur continue et non visible par moments a été observée la nuit du 28 au 29 janvier 2018.
Les émissions constituées principalement de vapeur avec une présence mineure de cendres sont soufflées vers le Sud-Est. Le panache de cendres s’étend sur quelques dizaines de kilomètres dans la direction Sud-Est.
Les zones touchées par les chutes de cendres: Cela dépendra des directions des vents dominants qui feront dériver de la brume légère et des chutes de cendres fines.

Sismicité: La sismicité est à des niveaux faibles et insignifiants.
Autre surveillance: La situation est également surveillée par diverses techniques satellitaires.
Des gaz S02 sont également émis par le volcan. Aucune nouvelle donnée de déformation.

Pronostic: Les niveaux de SO2 émis ont diminué et la sismicité a également diminué.
L’activité éruptive continue à de faibles niveaux et la situation est actuellement considérée comme raisonnablement stable.
Cependant, elle est également variable et la situation est toujours considérée comme fluide et dynamique. Une faible probabilité de génération de tsunamis existe.
Risques:
Haut sur l’île de Kadovar. Un petit risque de génération de tsunami existe toujours pour ceux qui vivent sur le continent et les îles de la chaîne des îles Schouten.

Source : John Kawatt via Barbara Short .

January 23 ,  2018. 

Mayon , Philippines :

MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN 23 January 2018 8:00 A.M.

At 12:43 PM yesterday, a dense, five-kilometer tall eruption column was generated by a short-lived phreatomagmatic eruption at Mayon Volcano that lasted eight (8) minutes based on the seismic record. The event generated pyroclastic density currents or PDCs on gullies and barrancos heading the Miisi, Bonga, Buyuan, Basud, San Andres, Buang, Anoling and other minor rivers within four (4) kilometers of the summit vent, well within the Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ). Volcanic ash was blown west and fell on the Municipalities of Guinobatan, Camalig, Oas, Polangui and Iriga City. This was followed by a minor degassing event at 5:51 PM that generated a short, 500 meter-high ash plume. Between 9:37 PM and 5:25 AM the following morning, five (5) episodes of intense but sporadic lava fountaining from the summit crater lasting three (3) to thirty (30) minutes occurred. The lava fountains reached 500 meters to 700 meters high and generated ash plumes that reached 2.5 kilometers to 3 kilometers above the crater. The events fed lava flows on the Miisi and Bonga Gullies, sprayed near-vent lava spatter and fed incandescent rockfall on the summit area.

A total of two (2) explosion-type earthquakes corresponding to the vertical column eruptions, eighteen (18) tremor events, some corresponding to lava fountaining episodes, thirty five (35) rockfall events and (2) pyroclastic density currents or PDCs from lava collapse were recorded by Mayon’s seismic monitoring network. Rockfall events were generated by the collapsing lava front and margins of the advancing lava flow on the Miisi Gully and by shedding from the summit dome onto the Bonga Gully. Currently, the Miisi and Buyuan lava flows have advanced to three (3) kilometers and 200 meters, respectively, from the summit crater. Sulfur dioxide gas emission was measured at an average of 992 tonnes/day on 22 January 2018 prior to the phreatomagmatic event. Electronic tilt and continuous GPS measurements indicate a sustained swelling or inflation of the edifice since November and October 2017, consistent with pressurization by magmatic intrusion.

PHIVOLCS has raised the alert level to Alert Level 4 yesterday in effect over Mayon Volcano. The public is strongly advised to be vigilant and desist from entering the eight (8) kilometer-radius danger zone, and to be additionally vigilant against pyroclastic density currents, lahars and sediment-laden streamflows along channels draining the edifice. Civil aviation authorities must also advise pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano’s summit as ash from any sudden eruption can be hazardous to aircraft.

DOST-PHIVOLCS maintains close monitoring of Mayon Volcano and any new development will be communicated to all concerned stakeholders.

Source : Phivolcs :

Sabancaya , Peru :

Explosive activity showed no change from the previous week, reaching a similar average of 57 explosions per day. Events associated with fluid movement (Long Period type) and ash emission (Type tremor) continue to predominate. Finally, earthquakes linked to the rise of the magma (Type Hybrids) maintain low levels in number and energy. 

The eruptive columns of gas and ash remained similar to the previous week, reaching a maximum height of 3300 m above the crater. The dispersion of these materials occurred within a radius of about 50 km, mainly in the northwest direction. 

Deformation monitoring at the GNSS station shows that the deformation curves maintain stable levels, without variations. 
The volcanic gas (SO2) flux recorded on 19 January has a maximum value of 3410 tonnes / day, a value considered large. 
Six thermal anomalies were recorded according to the MIROVA system, with values between 1 MW and 16 MW VRP (Irradiated Volcano Power).
In general, eruptive activity maintains moderate levels. No major changes are planned for the following days.

Source : IGP

Kadovar , Papua New Guinea :

Update from the RVO today (21st Jan 2018) suggests following observations for the Kadovar Volcano:

I. The dome of lava at the ‘SE Coastal Vent’ glows red at night and is slowly extending outwards into the sea. Due to the steepness of the volcano’s side this may collapse into the sea.
II. Estimates of islands deformations from satellite imagery data indicated that significant displacement of the SE side of volcano occurred at the time of the initial eruption event on 11th Jan 2018?
III. Photographic evidence of active faulting – wall movement suggests that the wall is potentially unstable and will collapse. I take it this may be referring to the crack extending from the SE vents down to the sea. We need to estimate the volume of material that could potentially fail into the sea which could generate a Tsunami if it where large enough.
IV. Continuing strong SO2 emissions, the presence of some high frequency earthquakes and slight increase in the frequency of those would suggest ongoing eruptive activity therefore – the situation is dynamic.
 

V. It is still possible, however that any new magma may stall before it reaches the surface.
VI. Due to the steepness of the island, landslides are possible, and together with the explosive nature of the magma, tsunamis may be generated. Fissures may allow water to interact with hot rocks or magma, leading to hydro volcanism (typically explosive activity).

Risk: On Kadovar Island – the whole island is affected by ash fall and SO2 gas – so risk is high
On the Mainland and other nearby Islands there is a risk of Tsunamis as cited in (iii) above.
Everybody must note that we are still on RED ALERT – the danger isn’t over yet.

Source : RVO , John Kawatt.

Kusatsu-Shirane , Japan :

One killed and 10 injured after Gunma’s Mount Kusatsu-Shirane erupts , Kyodo.

Mount Kusatsu-Shirane in the town of Kusatsu, Gunma Prefecture, erupted Tuesday morning, apparently triggering an avalanche that killed a member of Self-Defense Forces and injured at least 10 people, the Meteorological Agency said.
The mountain spewed black smoke after the eruption, which occurred at 9:59 a.m., according to the agency and the Kusatsu local government. The agency said it had detected a small volcanic tremor moments ahead of the eruption.

It warned of possible falling rocks within a 2-km radius of the mountain due to volcanic activity and raised the volcanic warning level from 1 to 3 on a scale of 5.
Level 3 bans visitors from entering the mountain and areas where it is deemed dangerous. It also urges the elderly, children and others in need of aid during evacuations to begin preparations to leave the area.
A Ground Self-Defense Force member who was training nearby was killed in the avalanche, with five others involved in the training injured, according to the GSDF.
A local fire department official said four people were thought to have been carried away by the avalanche, one of whom was buried.
The roof of a rest house at a ski resort in the area was also damaged by falling rocks, according to the official. About 80 skiers had been taking shelter there. A window on a cable car at the resort was also shattered, though the cause was not known. It was unclear if any of the skiers were among the injured.
Gunma Gov. Masaaki Osawa later requested the SDF to be dispatched to assist in rescue operations. In Tokyo, the central government set up a liaison office at the Prime Minister’s Office.
Mount Kusatsu-Shirane, at a height of 2,160 meters, is located near the border of Gunma and Nagano prefectures and is one of 50 volcanic mountains continuously monitored by the Meteorological Agency.

The summit of Kusatsu-Shiranesan volcano, located immediately north of Asama volcano, consists of a series of overlapping pyroclastic cones and three crater lakes. The andesitic-to-dacitic volcano was formed in three eruptive stages beginning in the early to mid Pleistocene. The Pleistocene Oshi pyroclastic flow produced extensive welded tuffs and non-welded pumice that covers much of the east, south and SW flanks. The latest eruptive stage began about 14,000 years ago. All historical eruptions have consisted of phreatic explosions from the acidic crater lakes or their margins. Fumaroles and hot springs that dot the flanks have strongly acidified many rivers draining from the volcano. The crater was the site of active sulfur mining for many years during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Source : Japantimes , GVP.

Photos : Summitpost , Haikugirl’s Japan.