October 03 , 20232.
Indonesia , Slamet :
PRESS RELEASE on the volcanic activity of Mount Slamet, October 2, 2023.
It is located at 7° 14.30′ South latitude and 109° 12.30′ East longitude with a maximum height of 3432 meters above sea level. Mount Slamet is monitored visually and instrumentally from the post Volcano Observation Center (PPGA) located in Gambuhan Village, Gajah Nguling, Pulosari District, Pemalang Regency, Central Java. The current activity level of Mount Slamet has been Level I (normal) since October 9, 2020.
Mount Slamet’s volcanic activity in 2023 is generally dominated by the exhalation of smoke from the crater from a height of 25 to 300 meters from the peak’s summit. Seismic swarms were recorded an average of 168 times per day. The latest developments in Mount Slamet’s activities until October 2, 2023 08:00 WIB are as follows:
The seismicity of Mount Slamet is dominated by seismic swarms which indicate fluid movement activity around the surface. During the fourth week of September and until October 1, 2023, there was an increase in the number of local tectonic earthquakes, followed by an increase in the amplitude of tremors, which indicates an increase in fractures as the fluid rises to the surface.
Deformation monitoring using an inclinometer at Cilik station at an altitude of 1,500 m above sea level shows inflation (pressure increase) on the radial axis of 30 microradians since July 2023. However, the Bambangan station inclinometer at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level still does not show changes on the radial axis. Deformation monitoring by EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) showed that inflation was detected at Cilik station, but Buncis station tended to be deflated and Jurangmangu station, located below Cilik station, did not did not show any significant deformation pattern. The pressure is estimated to have passed through Buncis and Jurangmangu stations and towards Cilik station.
- The potential danger of inflation and increased tremors is increased smoke emission from the crater and the potential for sudden phreatic eruptions without clear precursors.
Based on visual and instrumental monitoring until October 2, 2023 at 08:00 WIB, the Geological Agency stated that the activity level of Mount Slamet was still at level I (normal).Concerning the level of activity of Mount Slamet which is still at level I (Normal), the public/visitors/tourists are informed:
Comply with the recommendations issued by the Geological Agency through the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation,
The public and visitors/tourists are not allowed to stand/be active within a 1 km radius of the summit crater of Mount Slamet.
Source : PVMBG
Photo : Istimewa/Instagram @indrasutantoo , Vinchel Budihardjo .
La Réunion , Piton de la Fournaise :
Seismicity
In September 2023, the OVPF-IPGP recorded in total at the Piton de la Fournaise massif:
• 14 superficial volcano-tectonic earthquakes (0 to 2.5 km above sea level) under the summit craters;
• 5 deep earthquakes (below sea level);
• 0 long-period earthquakes;
• 200 landslides.
The month of September 2023 will have been marked by low seismicity under the Piton de la Fournaise with an average of 0.5 superficial volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day.
Most of these events were located under the eastern rim of the Dolomieu crater.
Two deep earthquakes were also recorded under the eastern flank of the volcano.
Numerous landslides in the Dolomieu Crater, at the Cassé de la Rivière de l’Est and at the level of recent lava flows were also recorded.
Deformation
The inflation that had resumed during the eruption of July 2 – August 10, 2023 continued until mid-August. Since then, a slight deflation of the building has been recorded.
Gas geochemistry
A continuous decrease in the CO2 emission rate at the distal and proximal stations was then measured since mid-June, announcing a possible progressive transfer of magma to shallower depths.
CO2 flows have remained stable since the end of the July-August 2023 eruption.
Balance sheet
Following the end of the last eruption on August 10, 2023, seismic activity remained relatively low under the Piton de La Fournaise with an average of 0.5 superficial volcano-tectonic earthquakes per day in September 2023. From In mid-August the inflation of the building stopped, indicating the end of the pressurization of the superficial magma reservoir.
Source : OVPF
Photo : Tunnels de lave Réunion : Rando-Volcan
Peru , Ubinas :
Analysis period: September 25, 2023 to October 1, 2023. Arequipa, October 3, 2023.
Alert level: ORANGE
The Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP) reports that the eruptive processes of the Ubinas volcano (Moquegua region) maintain low to moderate levels. During this period, emissions of ash, gas and steam were recorded which reached up to 1000 m above the summit of the volcano, with seismic activity linked to magmatic fluids. Consequently, the Orange volcanic alert level is maintained.
During the analysis period, the occurrence of 129 volcano-tectonic (VT) type earthquakes was detected, associated with rock rupture processes that occur inside the volcano. In addition, 52 seismic signals were recorded, associated with the movements of volcanic fluids (gas and magma). On October 1 at 4:56 p.m., 1 hour and 30 minutes of signals associated with volcanic ash emissions were recorded.
Surveillance cameras made it possible to identify emissions of ash (October 1) of gas and water vapor which reached heights of 1000 m above the summit of the volcano, which were dispersed mainly towards the eastern sectors , South-East, and South-West of the Ubinas volcano. On the other hand, monitoring of the deformation of the volcanic structure shows variations of less than 5 mm of displacement (slight tendency towards inflation). Satellite monitoring has not shown thermal anomalies in the Ubinas crater. Volcanic gas sensors recorded on September 27, 2023, 1533t/d of SO2 (moderate value)
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Keep the volcanic alert level at ORANGE level.
Source : Cenvul.
Photo : Arusa
Chile , Villarica :
Seismic activity:
The activity observed over the last 24 hours showed mainly discrete LP (long period) seismic activity and discrete TR (tremor) type earthquakes, associated with fluid dynamics, as well as the recording of type events. VT (volcano-tectonics). The current RSAM value for reference station VN2 has a maximum value of 1.0 µm/s obtained at the time of publication of this report. Likewise, infrasound activity associated with superficial manifestations was recorded.
One (1) satellite thermal anomaly of 1 MW was detected, a value considered low (last image date: October 2).
– No new satellite anomaly of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions into the atmosphere has been detected (date of last image: October 1).
– The latest available SO2 flow data corresponds to October 1, with an average flow of 674 t/d, values considered normal. The measurements were carried out using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) equipment installed 6 km in the East-South-East direction from the active crater.
conclusion
The daily recording of classified seismic events showed a decrease during the current period. This is related to the change in seismic dynamics that the volcanic system has exhibited since the early hours of yesterday, when a subtle but sustained increase was observed in the seismic energy of the volcano’s background tremor signal, this increase in continuous signal upon reaching certain energy values masks discrete low energy signals, resulting in a decrease in the number of events every 24 hours. It is important to emphasize that, like yesterday, acoustic activity is recorded that shows the continuation of surface activity, a process that can be detected instrumentally even when weather conditions prevent its visualization. The appearance of two VT type events stands out, one of which was of notable magnitude (ML 2.9), suggesting an unstable volcanic system susceptible to sudden changes in its internal and surface dynamics. In the current context of activity, the continuation of minor explosive activity is possible. Due to the rapid variability in instrumental parameters observed over the past few days, the process still has the potential to evolve into more energetic phases, suggesting a very active surface volcanic system.
Source : Sernageomin
Photo : Nelson Rojas.
Ecuador , Reventador :
DAILY REPORT ON THE STATE OF REVENTADOR VOLCANO, Monday October 2, 2023.
Information Geophysical Institute – EPN.
Surface activity level: High, Surface trend: No changes
Internal activity level: Moderate, Internal trend: No changes
Seismicity: From October 1, 2023, 11:00 a.m. to October 2, 2023, 11:00 a.m.:
The following table shows the number of seismic events from the reference station in the last 24 hours.
Explosion (EXP) 33
Long Period (LP) 22
Tremor (TRE) 6
Rains / Lahars:
There are no reports of rain. “In the event of heavy rains, these could remobilize the accumulated materials, generating mud and debris flows which would flow down the flanks of the volcano and flow into adjacent rivers.”
Emissions/ash column:
Yesterday, in the afternoon and evening, several emissions of gas and ash were recorded using the camera system, which in some cases exceeded 1,000 meters above the level of the crater, all in the West direction. . Since this morning, four emissions of gas and ash have been observed using cameras, the columns of which exceeded 1,000 meters above the level of the crater and headed towards the West. Additionally, the Washington VAAC issued a warning for a broadcast with a column height equal to 1,315 meters above the crater level, heading westward.
Other monitoring parameters:
The MIROVA-MODIS satellite system recorded a weak thermal anomaly over the last 24 hours; while the FIRMS system recorded three thermal anomalies in the last 24 hours.
Observation:
Yesterday afternoon, the volcano remained cloudy. At night, episodes of incandescence were recorded at the crater using the camera system. Since this morning, the volcano has remained generally clear
Alert level: Orange.
Source : IGEPN.
Photo : Archive , Benjamin Bernard .