October 5 , 2024.

Indonesia , Merapi :

MOUNT MERAPI ACTIVITY REPORT, September 27 – October 3, 2024, Published on October 04, 2024

OBSERVATION RESULT
Visual
The weather around Mount Merapi is generally clear in the morning and night, while it is foggy from noon to evening. White smoke, thin to thick, low to moderate pressure and 150 m high was observed from Mount Merapi Babadan observation post on October 3, 2024 at 05:30 WIB. This week, lava avalanches were observed 256 times upstream of the Bebeng River up to a maximum of 1,800 m. The sound of avalanches was heard 17 times from Kaliurang and Babadan observation posts with low to moderate intensity.
The morphology of the Southwest dome was observed to change due to dome growth activities, lava avalanches and hot cloud avalanches. For the morphology of the middle dome, there is no significant morphological change. Based on the analysis of aerial photos dated August 21, 2024, the volume of the Southwest dome was measured at 2,777,900 m3 and that of the Central dome at 2,366,900 m3.

Seismicity
This week, the seismicity of Mount Merapi recorded:
2 shallow volcanic earthquakes (VTB),
74 multi-phase earthquakes (MP),
5 low-frequency earthquakes (LF),
1,019 avalanche earthquakes (RF),
14 tectonic earthquakes (TT).
The intensity of earthquakes this week is higher than last week.

Deformation
The deformation of Mount Merapi monitored by EDM this week showed an average shortening rate of 0.1 cm/day, relatively the same as last week.

Rain and Lahars
This week, there was rain at Mount Merapi observation post with a rainfall intensity of 57 mm/hour for 55 minutes at Kaliurang post on 2 October 2024. No additional flows or lahars were reported in the rivers that originate on Mount Merapi.

Conclusion
Based on the results of visual and instrumental observations, it was concluded that:
Mount Merapi volcanic activity is still quite high in the form of effusive eruptive activity. The activity status is set at the “SIAGA” level.

Source : BPPTKG

Photo : HVIC_32 / FB

Russia / Kuril Islands , Ebeko :

VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION (VONA)

Issued: October 04 , 2024
Volcano: Ebeko (CAVW #290380)
Current aviation colour code: ORANGE
Previous aviation colour code: orange
Source: KVERT
Notice Number: 2024-82
Volcano Location: N 50 deg 41 min E 156 deg 0 min
Area: Northern Kuriles, Russia
Summit Elevation: 1156 m (3791.68 ft)

Volcanic Activity Summary:
A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, an explosion sent ash up to 1.6 km a.s.l., and an ash cloud drifted to the south of the volcano.
A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Ash explosions up to 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. could occur at any time. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft and airport of Severo-Kurilsk.

Volcanic cloud height:
1500-1600 m (4920-5248 ft) AMSL Time and method of ash plume/cloud height determination: 20241004/2302Z – Visual data

Other volcanic cloud information:
Distance of ash plume/cloud of the volcano: 5 km (3 mi)
Direction of drift of ash plume/cloud of the volcano: S
Time and method of ash plume/cloud determination: 20241004/2302Z – Visual data

Source : Kvert

Photo : D. Melnikov. IVS FEB RAS, KVERT ( 28/7/2024 ).

Italy , Vulcano : 

MONTHLY BULLETIN, SEPTEMBER 2024. (issue date 01/10/2024)

SUMMARY STATUS OF ACTIVITY

In light of the monitoring data, it emerges:
1) Crater fumaroles temperature: In September the fumaroles emission temperatures are stable
2) CO2 flux in the crater area: CO2 flux values ​​are decreasing compared to the previous month
3) SO2 flux in the crater area: SO2 flux at an average level
4) Fumarole gas geochemistry: CO2 concentrations in the crater fumaroles are about 11-16 mol%, a slight decrease compared to the previous month.
5) CO2 flux at the base of the La Fossa cone and in the Vulcano Porto area: Values ​​at the Rimessa site remain high with a slight downward trend. In C.Sicilia, a slight decreasing trend is observed.
No significant variation is observed at the Palizzi and Faraglione sites.

6) Geochemistry of thermal aquifers: In the C. Sicilia well, temperatures are stable at high values ​​and conductivity decreases slightly
In the Bambara well, there are no significant changes.
7) Local seismicity: Low rate of occurrence of local micro-seismicity.
8) Regional seismicity: Seismic activity from shallow fracturing.
9) Deformations – GNSS: No significant changes to report.
10) Deformations – Inclinometry: No significant changes to report.
11) Gravimetry: No significant variations were recorded.

TEMPERATURE OF THE CRATER FUMEROLES:
In September, the maximum reference temperature remained unchanged (average t 324 °C, 319>T>327). The influence of atmospheric disturbances was negligible near the FA sampling point, while at other monitoring sites the effects of disturbances due to rainfall events were recorded.
The range of values ​​recorded in September is between 257 and 327°C.

Source : INGV.

Photo : INGV ( 2022)

Colombia , Puracé – Chaîne volcanique Los Coconucos :

Popayán, October 1, 2024, 4:30 p.m.

From the monitoring of the activity of the Puracé volcano – Los Coconucos volcanic chain, the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), an entity attached to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, reports that:

During the week of September 24 to 30, seismic activity continued to record a significant number of events. Seismicity associated with fluid dynamics inside the volcano showed an increase in energy levels and was located under the building of the Puracé volcano, at depths of less than 1 km. Seismicity related to rock fracturing (type VT) showed events of exceptional magnitude, the vast majority concentrated near the crater of the Puracé volcano, as well as under the Piocollo volcano, with depths of up to 6 km.

In addition, the slow deformation process that began in April 2022 on the Puracé volcano continued to be recorded. On the other hand, the monitoring of volcanic gases, electromagnetic fields and acoustic sensors did not show significant variations. Regarding the images captured by the installed cameras, it was observed that high degassing was maintained in the lateral fumarole.

Based on the above, the SGC recommends carefully monitoring the evolution of volcanic activity through weekly bulletins and other information published in official channels, as well as following the instructions of local, departmental authorities and the National Disaster Risk Management Unit (UNGRD).

The alert status for volcanic activity remains in yellow alert status: active volcano with changes in the behavior of the base level of the monitored parameters and other manifestations.

Source et photo : SGC

Costa Rica , Rincon de la Vieja / Poas :

OVSICORI-UNA Weekly Volcanic Monitoring Bulletin, October 4, 2024

Rincón de la Vieja Volcano
Latitude: 10.83°N;
Longitude: 85.34°W;
Altitude: 1916 m
Current activity level: Warning

This week, 10 exhalations were recorded. This activity is rich in water vapor, aerosols and volcanic gases. None of these generated lahars or ash descent. Background tremor remains low and continues to decrease compared to previous weeks, as does the seismic energy of eruptions and exhalations. Sporadic low-magnitude volcano-tectonic earthquakes are recorded near the summit, associated with rock breakage. There is the appearance of sporadic short-term tremors. The appearance of long-period signals and « tornilos » type signals continues. The dominant frequency of « tornilos » continues the general upward trend compared to the last three weeks. When there is visibility, the degassing of the crater is quite regular and constant. In recent weeks, a slight contraction and subsidence of the base of the volcanic edifice and a northward movement of the summit station as well as a movement probably of tectonic origin towards the north have been detected. The MultiGas station recorded low gas concentrations this week due to the wind direction, as did the NOVAC station regarding SO2 fluxes. An accumulation of SO2 in the atmosphere is observed without any possible measurement by the Sentinel-5P satellite on 30 September and 2 October.

Poas Volcano
Latitude: 10.20°N;
Longitude: 84.23°W;
Altitude: 2687 m
Current activity level: Warning

Moderate amplitude seismic tremor remains very stable. Almost no acoustic tremor is recorded. Low-frequency, low-amplitude LP-type seismic events are recorded. Short tremors have been recorded, but in fewer numbers than last week. Sometimes, the short tremor signal is also weakly observed in the infrasound record, indicating a surface process probably related to fumarole degassing. Geodetic observations do not detect any significant deformation. The MultiGas station recorded low gas concentrations this week due to the wind direction and the ExpoGAS station located at the belvedere recorded a maximum SO2 concentration of 2 ppm. The NOVAC station also did not record any representative SO2 flux. The last detection of the SO2 plume in the atmosphere by the Sentinel-5P satellite dates back to September 7. The lake level continues to rise, during the week it increased by about 0.8 m.

Source : Ovsicori

Photos : Webcams ovsicori