December 14 , 2024.
Colombia , Nevado del Ruiz :
Manizales, December 10, 2024, 7:15 p.m.
From the monitoring of the activity of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), an entity attached to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, reports that:
During the week of December 3 to 9, 2024, the volcano continued with unstable behavior. Compared to the previous week, the main variations in the monitored parameters were:
– The recording of seismicity related to fluid dynamics inside volcanic conduits associated with long-period signals continued with low energy levels and lower than those recorded the previous week. The continuous emission of ash, recorded since Friday, November 29, ceased on December 3 in the early morning. Regarding the seismic signals associated with the pulsatile emission of ash, these decreased in the number of earthquakes recorded and increased in the seismic energy released. Thanks to the cameras (conventional or thermographic) used to monitor the volcano, it was possible to confirm some ash emissions and changes in the temperature of the emitted materials, linked to several of the recorded events.
– Seismic activity associated with rock fracturing within the volcanic edifice maintained similar levels in the number of earthquakes recorded and slightly increased in the seismic energy released. The earthquakes were located in the Arenas crater and on the different flanks of the volcano, especially to the southeast and northeast, at distances generally less than 6 km from the crater and up to 13 km from it. The depths of the events varied between less than 1 km and 8 km from the summit of the volcano. The highest magnitude of the week was 2.5, corresponding to the earthquake recorded on December 8 at 09:56 located 2 km south-southeast of the Arenas crater, at a depth of 4 km. This earthquake occurred during a small seismic wave of short duration.
– The emission of water vapor and gases, mainly sulfur dioxide (SO₂), into the atmosphere through the Arenas crater was variable. Although daily SO₂ degassing rates decreased compared to the previous week, satellite monitoring, carried out in a complementary manner to assess this parameter, highlighted significant SO2 releases into the atmosphere.
– The vertical height of the gas column maintained values mainly below 1000 m measured above the volcanic summit, while in dispersion it reached values between 2000 and 2500 m during some of the recorded pulsatile ash emissions. In relation to the direction of dispersion of the gas column, this was preferentially towards the west side of the volcano (from northwest to southwest).
– In the monitoring of thermal anomalies at the bottom of the Arenas crater, from satellite monitoring platforms, an increase in their detection was observed because atmospheric conditions favored their observation. Energy levels varied between low and moderate, with some values of the latter not having been recorded since September 2024.
Source : SGC
Photos : SGC ( 2019 /2023)
Indonesia , Ibu :
An eruption of Mount Ibu occurred on Saturday, 14 December 2024 at 09:06 UTC (18:06 local time) with the height of the ash column observed at ±400 m above the summit (±1725 m above sea level). The ash column was observed to be white to grey in colour with a thick intensity, oriented towards the southeast. This eruption was recorded on a seismograph with a maximum amplitude of 28 mm and a duration of 55 seconds.
VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION – VONA
Issued : December 14 , 2024
Volcano : Ibu (268030)
Current Aviation Colour Code : ORANGE
Previous Aviation Colour Code : orange
Source : Ibu Volcano Observatory
Notice Number : 2024IBU1294
Volcano Location : N 01 deg 29 min 17 sec E 127 deg 37 min 48 sec
Area : North Maluku, Indonesia
Summit Elevation : 4240 FT (1325 M)
Volcanic Activity Summary :
Eruption with volcanic ash cloud at 09h06 UTC (18h06 local).
Volcanic Cloud Height :
Best estimate of ash-cloud top is around 5520 FT (1725 M) above sea level or 1280 FT (400 M) above summit. May be higher than what can be observed clearly. Source of height data: ground observer.
Other Volcanic Cloud Information :
Ash cloud moving to southeast. Volcanic ash is observed to be gray. The intensity of volcanic ash is observed to be thick.
Remarks : Eruption recorded on seismogram with maximum amplitude 28 mm and maximum duration 55 second.
Source et photo : Magma Indonésie.
Indonesia , Merapi :
MOUNT MERAPI ACTIVITY REPORT, December 06 to December 12, 2024, published on December 13, 2024
OBSERVATION RESULT
Visual
The weather around Mount Merapi is generally clear in the morning and night, while it is foggy from noon to evening. White smoke, thin to thick, low to moderate pressure and 100 m high was observed from the Kaliurang Mount Merapi observation post on December 12, 2024 at 05:21 WIB.
This week, lava avalanches were observed 113 times in the Southwest (upstream of the Bebeng River) up to a maximum of 1,800 m, 43 times upstream of the Krasak River up to a maximum of 1,700 m. Changes were observed in the morphology of the Southwest dome due to dome growth activity, lava avalanches and hot cloud avalanches. For the morphology of the middle dome, there is no significant morphological change. Based on the morphological analysis of the Babadan2 camera, the volume of the Southwest dome has experienced a measurable growth of 3,315,200 m3. As for the central dome, it is 2,361,800 m3.
Seismicity
This week, the seismicity of Mount Merapi recorded
235 shallow volcanic earthquakes (VTB),
482 multi-phase earthquakes (MP),
991 avalanche earthquakes (RF),
7 tectonic earthquakes (TT).
The intensity of earthquakes this week is still quite high.
Deformation
The deformation of Mount Merapi monitored by EDM this week shows an average shortening rate of 0.3 cm/day, higher than last week.
Rainfall and Lahars
This week, there was rain at Mount Merapi observation post with a rainfall intensity of 49 mm/hour for 95 minutes at Kaliurang post on 11 December 2024 and additional discharge was reported in the Boyong and Gendol rivers.
Conclusion
Based on the results of visual and instrumental observations, it was concluded that:
The volcanic activity of Mount Merapi is still quite high in the form of effusive eruptive activity. The activity status is set at the « SIAGA » level.
Source : BPPTKG
Photo : John Bamforth / FB. ( 01/2024)
La Guadeloupe , La Soufrière :
Monthly Bulletin, Institut de physique du globe de Paris /
Guadeloupe Volcanological and Seismological Observatory, November 2024
– Seismicity: 560 volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes were detected in the volcano area, including 400 before November 16. A long-period earthquake, indicative of fluid transfer, occurred on November 27.
All earthquakes are of very low magnitude (Mlv < 0) and located less than 1 km below the dome of La Soufrière. The energy released (1.15 MJ) is significantly lower than the previous month (13.6 MJ), due to the absence of deeper and more energetic earthquakes.
– Deformation: after a decrease in early 2024, the speed of opening of the dome summit increases at the end of the year. The pressure source is very superficial (around 1200 m above sea level) and stable over time.
– Landslide: A ground shift to the east of the South Crater fissure threatens the « geologists’ trace » located below.
– Gas and fluids:
– the temperature of the CSS fumarole (200 to 210°C) is in the range of values measured since 2023
– the level of Lake Tarissan (-89.5 m) and its pH (+0.23) are slightly down compared to the previous month
– after a temperature peak at 54.5°C at the end of September, the Galion spring continues to cool seasonally
The South Crater fissure hosts the most active fumaroles in the dome. The maximum temperature of the CCS vent was measured between 200 and 210°C by thermal camera this month. This temperature is slightly increasing, and is approaching the record of August 2023 (212°C).
Thermal images of the South South Crater (SSC) vent taken on November 13, 2024, from the western edge (left) and the eastern edge (right) of the fracture
Based on the observations summarized in this bulletin, and in accordance with the provisions provided by the authorities, the volcanic alert level remains at:
Vigilance: Yellow
Regional telluric activity
153 earthquakes of magnitude ≤ 5.3 were recorded on the regional fault networks, including 32 in the Saintes area. The most significant activity occurred northeast of Barbuda on November 15 and 16, with a magnitude 5.3 earthquake felt in Guadeloupe, and about ten aftershocks.
Source : Institut de physique du globe de Paris / Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de Guadeloupe
Photos : OVSG
Mexico , Popocatepetl :
December 13, 11:00 (December 13, 17:00 GMT)
Activity of the last 24 hours
26 exhalations were detected, accompanied by water vapor, volcanic gases and a small amount of ash. In addition, 327 minutes of very low amplitude tremors were recorded, of which: 256 minutes were high frequency and 71 minutes were harmonic.
During the morning and at the time of this report, a continuous emission of water vapor and volcanic gases was observed, with dispersion towards the Southwest (SW).
The Popocatépetl volcanic alert fire is in yellow phase 2.
The scenarios anticipated for this phase are:
A few small to moderate explosions
Occurrence of tremors of varying amplitude
Light to moderate ash rains in the surrounding towns and in some more distant towns
Ejection of incandescent fragments within the 12-kilometer exclusion radius
The occurrence of lahars can be expected to descend into the ravines, due to the accumulation of ash on the slopes and their interaction with the rains expected in the coming weeks.
Possibility of pyroclastic flows not reaching the populations
Source : Cenapred.
