January 30 , 2025 .
Hawaii , Kilauea :
Wednesday, January 29, 2025, 9:32 AM HST (Wednesday, January 29, 2025, 19:32 UTC)
19°25’16 » N 155°17’13 » W,
Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
Activity Summary:
Kīlauea summit eruption paused as of January 28. A new eruptive episode may begin within the next 2-5 days in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.
Episode 7 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption ended abruptly at 10:47 a.m. HST on January 28 after about 16 hours of eruptive activity. Kīlauea’s current eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu crater within Kaluapele (the summit caldera) began on December 23, 2024. There have been 7 episodes of lava fountaining separated by pauses in activity. The eruption may resume within the next 2-5 days based on current rates of summit inflation. Seismicity is low with about small earthquakes beneath the summit and rift zones of Kīlauea. All eruptive activity has occurred in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. No unusual activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.
Current hazards include volcanic gas emissions and windblown volcanic glass (Pele’s Hair) that may impact Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities.
Overview photo of episode 7 from the Kīlauea Halema‘uma‘u eruption. This photo was taken the morning of January 28, 2025, during a USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory morning monitoring field shift. Both vents (north and south) were active during this episode, with fountains and lava flows. Lava flows generally exit the cone from its base and flow into the caldera; however, lava flows exited the sides of the vents as well during episode 7. Lava flowed from the base of the north vent as well as out the side, where it flowed toward the south vent. The north vent had fountains reaching 45 m (145 ft) while the south vent had fountains reaching about 30 m (98 ft). Wind speeds were mild during the morning of January 28, allowing the eruptive plume to buoyantly rise up. This photo is looking northeast.
Summit Observations:
Lava fountains and flows erupting from the south vent within Halema’uma’u crater stopped erupting just after 10:43 a.m. HST on Janurary 28. The north vent shut down five minutes later at 10:47 a.m. HST. Lava flows from episode 7 covered nearly half of Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor. Spots of orange glow can still be seen on the crater floor as the erupted lava continues to cool. Glow from the eruptive vents and continued degassing indicates that magma remains close to the surface.
The Uēkahuna tiltmeter (UWD) recorded more than 7 microradians of deflationary tilt during episode 7, more than twice the amount recorded during episodes 5 and 6. As episode 7 ended there was a rapid change in summit tilt from deflation to inflation along with a decrease in seismic tremor intensity. UWD has recorded just under 3 microradians of inflationary tilt since the end of episode 7. Less than 5 small earthquakes were recorded in the summit region over the past 24 hours. Low level seismic tremor continues.
Weather conditions and episode timing have prevented accurate measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate since earlier in the eruption sequence. Based on emissions measured during earlier episodes and pauses, SO2 emission rates are currently estimated to be near 1,000 t/d.
Strands of volcanic glass known as Pele’s Hair have been reported on surfaces throughout the summit area of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities.
Source : HVO.
Photo : USGS / H. Winslow
Iceland , Reykjanes Peninsula :
Increasing likelihood of a new eruption on the Sundhnúkar crater row . Adverse weather in the coming days may affect the sensitivity of the monitoring network.
Updated 28. January at 17:30 UTC
Ground uplift and magma accumulation under Svartsengi continues
The volume of magma accumulating beneath Svartsengi is approaching the volume drop that occurred during the last event
The likelihood of a new magma intrusion and potentially an eruption is increasing
There is a possibility that seismic activity may not be significant prior to the next eruption
The updated hazard assessment is valid until February 11, barring further developments
Deformation measurements indicate continued ground uplift and magma accumulation beneath Svartsengi. The sequence of events remains similar to those observed before the last eruptions. Modeling calculations show that the volume of magma accumulating beneath Svartsengi is nearing the volume drop that occurred during the last event.
Based on the analysis of previous events, scientists have assessed that once a similar volume of magma has accumulated beneath Svartsengi as during previous eruptions, the likelihood of a new magma intrusion and even an eruption increases.
New hazard assessment reflects increased eruption likelihood
The Icelandic Meteorological Office has updated the hazard assessment, which is now valid until February 11, barring any changes. It has been decided to raise the hazard level in zones 4 and 6 from “moderate” (yellow) to “considerable” (orange). This change is based on modeling calculations indicating that the volume of magma accumulating beneath Svartsengi is nearing the volume drop that occurred during the last event.
According to the weather forecast, severe weather is expected to occur in the coming days, beginning January 30.throughout the week. A southern storm accompanied by significant warming, rain, and drizzle is forecasted for southern and western parts of the country later this week and into the weekend. Adverse weather could reduce the sensitivity of the monitoring network, potentially delaying response times to an eruption.
Little seismic activity could precede the next eruption
Seismic activity in the Sundhnúkar crater row has been increasing gradually since the end of the eruption on December 9, 2024, but overall it remains low. Developments over the past year suggest that seismic activity prior to magma intrusions has been decreasing with each event. Consequently, there is a possibility that seismic activity may not be significant prior to the next eruption.
Source : IMO
Photo: The Icelandic Met Office / Bjarki Kaldalóns Friis, IMO.
Indonesia , Semeru :
An eruption of Mount Semeru occurred on Thursday, January 30, 2025 at 07:15 WIB with an observed ash column height of ± 600 m above the peak (± 4276 m above sea level). The observed ash column was white to gray in color with moderate intensity, oriented towards the northeast. At the time of writing, the eruption was still ongoing.
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 22-28 January with several daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400-1,200 m above the summit and drifted in several directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Semeru, the highest volcano on Java, and one of its most active, lies at the southern end of a volcanic massif extending north to the Tengger caldera. The steep-sided volcano, also referred to as Mahameru (Great Mountain), rises above coastal plains to the south. Gunung Semeru was constructed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambangan calderas. A line of lake-filled maars was constructed along a N-S trend cutting through the summit, and cinder cones and lava domes occupy the eastern and NE flanks. Summit topography is complicated by the shifting of craters from NW to SE. Frequent 19th and 20th century eruptions were dominated by small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, with occasional lava flows and larger explosive eruptions accompanied by pyroclastic flows that have reached the lower flanks of the volcano.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM) , Magma Indonésie , GVP.
Photo : Magma Indonésie
Japan , Sakurajima :
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 20-27 January. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. On 20 January sulfur dioxide emissions were extremely high, averaging 3,200 tons per day. Explosions at 12h20 on 21 January, 17h09 and 22h46 on 22 January, 02h43 on 23 January, and 16h26 on 25 January produced ash plumes that rose 800-2,500 m above the crater rim and drifted E, SE, S, and SW. Some explosions ejected large blocks 900-1,300 m from the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan’s most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), GVP.
Photo : Deniss García Mendoza ( 2023)
Colombia , Galeras :
San Juan de Pasto, January 28, 2025, 4:10 p.m. .
Following the monitoring of the activity of the Galeras volcano, the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), an entity attached to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, reports that:
During the week of January 21 to 27, 2025, volcanic activity showed a decrease in seismicity. Compared to the previous week, the main variations in the monitored parameters were:
• A decrease was observed in both the frequency of events and the seismic energy released. The predominance of seismic activity related to rock fracture processes within the volcano continued.
• Fracture-related earthquakes were mostly located near the volcanic cone, at very superficial levels with depths less than 3 km from the summit (4200 m above sea level). Other earthquakes were located scattered throughout the volcanic area, at maximum distances of 7 km and at depths of up to 10 km from the summit. The maximum magnitude of this type of event was 1.1.
• Small gas emissions were observed, mainly from the fumarole fields of Las Chavas, to the west, and El Paisita, to the north of the currently active cone, with white columns, of low height and variable dispersion due to wind action.
• The other parameters of the volcanic monitoring showed stability.
Based on the above, the SGC recommends closely monitoring the developments through weekly bulletins and other information published through our official channels, as well as instructions from local and departmental authorities and the National Disaster Risk Management Unit (UNGRD).
Volcanic activity remains in yellow alert status: active volcano with changes in the behavior of the base level of monitored parameters and other manifestations.
Source et photo : SGC
