December 12 , 2024.
Philippines , Kanlaon :
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported a continuing eruption at Kanlaon during 3-10 December and an escalation in activity on 9 December. The seismic network recorded 6-22 daily volcanic earthquakes, and sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,669 to 6,432 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions that were mostly continuous and often voluminous rose 200-500 m above the summit and drifted mainly W, WSW, and SW. There were 1-6 ash emission events during 3-5 and 7-8 December, with each lasting 3-40 minutes.
An explosive eruption occurred at 15h03 on 9 December and lasted three minutes and 55 seconds. A voluminous ash plume rapidly rose 4 km above the crater rim and drifted WSW. Pyroclastic flows traveled 2-3.4 km down the SE flanks. The Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) and local governments were advised to evacuate residents within a 6 km radius. According to news articles ashfall was reported in 30 cities and towns across the municipalities of Negros Occidental, Guimaras, Iloilo, and Antique. A sulfur odor was noted in several barangays and in Bago City (20 km NW). Several schools in those areas suspended classes. The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) report issued on 10 December stated that 12,172 people (3,616 families) had evacuated mainly from Bago City, La Carlota City (14 km W), and La Castellana (16 km SW), with fewer people from Moises Padilla (17 km SSW), Magalion (14 km SSW), Murcia, Pontevedra, and Canlaon City (10 km ESE). There were 12,010 evacuees spread across 24 evacuation centers and 162 people were staying with friends or relatives.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC), Philippine News Agency (PNA), GVP.
Photo : via Wulkany świata / FB.
Japan , Kuchinoerabujima :
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the number of shallow volcanic earthquakes increased beneath Kuchinoerabujima’s Furudake Crater with 30 earthquakes recorded during 5-6 December. No changes to geothermal areas located in and around both Shindake and Furudake craters were observed during field surveys conducted on 20 and 23 November as well as 3 and 5 December. Sulfur dioxide emissions were low, fluctuating between 30 and 60 tons per day in December, and no ground deformation had been detected since November 2023. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) at 0800 on 6 December and the public was warned to be cautious within a 1 km radius of both craters and within 2 km on the W flank of Shindake Crater.
A group of young stratovolcanoes forms the eastern end of the irregularly shaped island of Kuchinoerabujima in the northern Ryukyu Islands, 15 km W of Yakushima. The Furudake, Shindake, and Noikeyama cones were erupted from south to north, respectively, forming a composite cone with multiple craters. All historical eruptions have occurred from Shindake, although a lava flow from the S flank of Furudake that reached the coast has a very fresh morphology. Frequent explosive eruptions have taken place from Shindake since 1840; the largest of these was in December 1933. Several villages on the 4 x 12 km island are located within a few kilometers of the active crater and have suffered damage from eruptions.
Sources: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) , GVP.
Photo : Asahi Shimbun ( 2023).
New Zealand , White Island :
Volcanic Activity Bulletin , Thu Dec 12 2024 12:00 PM
Whakaari / White Island is currently emitting larger steam and gas plumes, but no ash has been detected. The Volcanic Alert Level remains at 2 and the Aviation Colour Code at Yellow.
Using satellite observations, we noticed a general increase in sulphur-dioxide (SO₂) emissions from the volcano over the past two weeks. On Tuesday, 10 December, between 3 and 5pm NZDT a larger steam and gas plume was visible above Whakaari. This was evident on our webcams at Whakatāne and Te Kaha as well as on satellite images. Since Tuesday, when the weather allows, a larger plume can sometimes be seen from the Bay of Plenty coast above the island. So far there have been no signs of volcanic ash in the plume, whether visually from our webcams, or via Metservice’s analyses of satellite imagery.
During our latest monitoring flight on 5 December, we did not observe any signs of increased volcanic activity. There were no signs of new ash deposits in the crater or the island. The plume was vivid white, consisting of steam and gas, with no signs of ash entrainment. The temperature of the plume, measured with our Thermal Infrared camera, was 150 ºC, which is relatively cool.
It is possible that the increase in SO₂ emissions and size of the plume could be related to fresh magma getting closer to the surface, as it did a few months ago. But so far, no ash seems to have been emitted at the surface. We are planning a gas flight to make more precise measurements of gas emissions and monitor potential changes in the crater area.
Image of the gas and steam plume at Whakaari/White Island on 10 December 2024 from our webcam at Te Kaha.
Recent activity is consistent with moderate-heightened unrest and therefore the Volcanic Alert Level remains at Level 2 and the Aviation Colour Code at Yellow. These levels acknowledge the current level of activity but also reflect the degree of uncertainty about the level of unrest due to the current lack of consistent, usable real-time monitoring data. The level of volcanic activity could escalate back to levels seen earlier in the year and the volcano can erupt with little or no warning.
Source : Geonet.
Photos : Brad Scott, GNS Science. ( 1/2024) , Geonet.
Indonesia , Ibu :
An eruption of Mount Ibu occurred on Wednesday, 11 December 2024 at 18:00 WIT with the height of the ash column observed at ± 700 m above the summit (± 2025 m above sea level). The ash column was observed to be white to grey in colour with a thick intensity, oriented towards the North-East. This eruption was recorded on a seismograph with a maximum amplitude of 28 mm and a duration of 54 seconds.
Seismicity observation:
16 eruption/explosion earthquakes with an amplitude of 16 to 28 mm and a duration of 47 to 96 seconds.
28 emission earthquakes with an amplitude of 2 to 15 mm and an earthquake duration of 22 to 51 seconds.
5 harmonic tremors with an amplitude of 2 to 8 mm and an earthquake duration of 20 to 89 seconds.
102 shallow volcanic earthquakes with an amplitude of 2 to 13 mm and a seismic duration of 4 to 19 seconds.
16 deep volcanic earthquakes with an amplitude of 2 to 8 mm, and an earthquake duration of 9 to 17 seconds.
6 distant tectonic earthquakes with an amplitude of 6 to 28 mm, and the duration of the earthquake was 70 to 151 seconds.
Recommendation
1. Communities around Mount Ibu and visitors/tourists are advised not to carry out activities within a radius of 4 km, with a sectoral extension of 5.5 km towards the crater opening in the northern part of the active crater of Mount Ibu.
2. In the event of ashfall, people who carry out activities outside the house are advised to protect their nose, mouth (mask) and eyes (goggles).
Source et photo : Magma Indonésie.
Chile , Planchon- Peteroa :
Seismology
The seismological activity of the period was characterized by the recording of:
86 VT-type seismic events, associated with rock fracturing (Volcano-Tectonic). The most energetic earthquake had a Local Magnitude (ML) value equal to 2.0, located 7.4 km north-northeast of the volcanic edifice, at a depth of 4.1 km from the crater.
3 LP-type seismic events, associated with fluid dynamics inside the volcanic system (Long Period). The size of the largest earthquake evaluated from the Reduced Displacement (DR) parameter was equal to 2 cm2.
2 TR-type seismic events, associated with the dynamics maintained over time of fluids inside the volcanic system (TRemor). The size of the largest earthquake evaluated from the Reduced Displacement (DR) parameter was equal to 2 cm2.
Fluid Geochemistry
No anomalies were reported in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions into the atmosphere in the area near the volcanic complex, according to data published by the Tropopheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Sulphur Dioxide Group.
Satellite thermal anomalies
During the period, no thermal alerts were recorded in the area associated with the volcanic complex, according to the analytical processing of Sentinel 2-L2A satellite images, in combination with false-color bands.
Surveillance cameras
The images provided by the fixed camera, installed near the volcano, recorded a degassing column with a maximum height of 600 meters, on November 21.
The activity remained at levels considered low, suggesting stability of the volcanic system.
The volcanic technical alert is maintained at:
GREEN TECHNICAL ALERT: Active volcano with stable behavior – There is no immediate risk
Source et photo : Sernageomin.
