November 30 , 2024.
Iceland : Rekjanes Peninsula :
Eruptive Activity Remains Relatively Stable
The Second Largest Eruption to Date on The Sundhnúkur Crater Row
Updated 29 November at 17:00 UTC
Evidence suggests magma continues to flow from depth into the magma chamber beneath Svartsengi.
Harmful gas pollution is present on hiking paths near the eruption site.
The hazard assessment has been updated.
The eruption at the Sundhnúkur Crater Row continued with steady activity overnight, similar to what has been observed in recent days, with minimal changes in eruption tremor. The lava flow from the active vent is predominantly moving southeast toward Fagradalsfjall.
Experts from the Icelandic Meteorological Office measured SO₂ emissions from the eruption on November 28. Their measurements indicated that this emission rate is 64–71 kg/s. Thus, gas pollution from the eruption is expected to persist in the coming days, potentially causing discomfort or health risks, especially on hiking paths near Fagradalsfjall and close to the eruption site.
The second largest eruption at the Sundhnúkur Crater Row
Experts from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History conducted measurements and aerial surveys at the eruption site yesterday. Results indicate that the lava field from this eruption now covers 9.1 km², with a volume of approximately 47 million m³ and an average thickness exceeding 5 meters.
This eruption, which began nine days ago, is now the second largest by volume among eruptions at the Sundhnúkur Crater Row since December 2023.
A map showing the extent of the lava field from this eruption as it was on November 28 and the location of the active vent. It also shows the lava fields that have formed in the area during the series of recent eruptions that have occurred since December 2023 (lighter purple layers). The extent of the lava field is based on measurements by the Icelandic Institute of Natural History.
The lava field that formed during the August 22 to September 5 eruption, which lasted approximately 15 days, is the largest by volume, extruding approximately 61 million m³ of lava. The lava field formed during the eruption from May 29 to June 22 is the third largest, extruding around 45 million m³.
Source : IMO
Photos : mbl . is/Eggert Jóhannesson 21/11/2024 , IMO.
Indonesia , Merapi :
MOUNT MERAPI ACTIVITY REPORT, November 22-28, 2024.
OBSERVATION RESULT
Visual
The weather around Mount Merapi is generally clear in the morning and night, while it is foggy from noon to evening. White smoke, thin to thick, low to moderate pressure and 150 m high was observed from the Selo Mount Merapi observation post on November 25, 2024 at 06:25 WIB. This week, lava avalanches were observed 105 times towards the southwest (upstream of the Bebeng River) up to a maximum of 1,700 m. The sound of avalanches was not heard from the Kaliurang post or the Babadan post. It was observed that the morphology of the Southwest dome had changed due to the dome growth activities and lava avalanches. For the morphology of the middle dome, there is no significant morphological change. Based on the morphological analysis of November 21, 2024 from the Babadan2 camera, the volume of the Southwest dome has experienced a measured growth of 3,177,100 m3. As for the central dome, it is 2,361,800 m3.
Seismicity
This week, the seismicity of Mount Merapi recorded:
887 multi-phase earthquakes (MP),
1,205 avalanche earthquakes (RF),
3 tectonic earthquakes (TT).
The intensity of earthquakes this week is still quite high.
Deformation
The deformation of Mount Merapi monitored by EDM and GPS this week showed no significant changes.
Rainfall and lahars:
This week, there was rain at the Mount Merapi observation post with a rainfall intensity of 70 mm/hour for 200 minutes at Kaliurang post on November 24, 2024. No additional discharge was reported in the Boyong River.
Conclusion
Based on the results of visual and instrumental observations, it was concluded that:
The volcanic activity of Mount Merapi is still quite high in the form of effusive eruptive activity. The activity status is set at the “SIAGA” level.
Source : BPPTKG
Photo : imamismadin
Indonesia , Slamet :
Increased volcanic activity on Mount Slamet, 29 November 2024
Slamet Volcano (G. Slamet) is a cone-shaped stratovolcano with an elevation of 3,432 metres. Geographically, it is located at 7° 14.30′ S latitude and 109° 12.30′ E longitude. Slamet Volcano is monitored visually and instrumentally from the Volcano Observation Post (PPGA) in Gambuhan village.
The last increase in volcanic activity on Mount Slamet occurred from March to September 2014, followed by an eruption that produced ash and an ejection of incandescent material around the crater (Strombolian eruption type). The volcanic activity of Mount Slamet increased again in late 2023, so that since October 19, 2023, the status of Mount Slamet is at level II (WASPADA).
The evolution of volcanic activity at Mount Slamet until 29 November 2024 is as follows:
Between May 2024 and November 2024, there will be an increase in volcanic seismicity at Mount Slamet:
During the observation period from 9 May 2024 to 19 May 2024, 60 deep volcanic earthquakes were recorded, followed by an increase in low-frequency earthquakes and earthquake swarms during the period from 18 May 2024 to 20 August 2024. Shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded 46 times between 10 June 2024 and 4 July 2024.
Observation period from 1 to 28 November 2024: 251 earthquake swarms were recorded, 3 deep earthquakes low frequency, non-harmonic earth tremors and 655 continuous tremors.
The seismic activity of Mount Slamet is dominated by earthquake swarms and continuous tremors that indicate fluid movement activity around the surface. During the fourth week of September 2023 and until 1 October 2023, there was an increase in the number of local tectonic earthquakes, followed by an increase in the amplitude of the shaking. The increase in the continuous tremor amplitude followed by the recording of a long-duration harmonic tremor in October 2023 marked the beginning of increased volcanic activity on Slamet. From 9 to 19 May 2024, a deep volcanic earthquake was recorded, indicating magma supply to the surface. The recording of deep volcanic earthquakes was followed by an increase in the amplitude of continuous tremors and an increase in shallow volcanic earthquakes, low-frequency earthquakes and earthquake swarms. On November 28, 2024, a non-harmonic tremor was recorded between 07:35 and 07:46 WIB, followed by an increase in the amplitude of continuous tremor.
At the end of October 2024, the modernization of the G. Slamet monitoring equipment was completed. With the replacement of this equipment, the current trends in EDM and inclinometer deformation monitoring activity will be analyzed in more detail.
Deformation monitoring using an inclinometer was carried out at Cilik Station which is at an altitude of 1,500 meters above sea level, Bambangan Tiltmeter Station at an altitude of 1,875 meters above sea level and Sawangan Station at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level.
The results of monitoring data observations show that there is an increase in pressure under the body of Slamet, which can trigger earthquakes and shallow eruptions.
The current potential threat to Mount Slamet is phreatic or magmatic eruptions that can produce ejections of incandescent material that hit the area around the summit within a radius of 2 km. Ash rains can occur around the crater or hit areas determined by wind direction and speed.
Based on the results of visual and instrumental monitoring until November 29, 2024 and the potential threat of danger, the volcanic activity of Mount Slamet is still at level II (WASPADA)
Source : PVMBG.
Photo : Vinchel Budihardjo ( 2023)
Chile , Puyehue-Cordon Caulle :
Special Report on Volcanic Activity (REAV), Los Lagos region, Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex, November 29, 2024, 20:00 local time (continental Chile).
The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile (Sernageomin) publishes the following PRELIMINARY information, obtained through the monitoring equipment of the National Volcanic Monitoring Network (RNVV), processed and analyzed at the Southern Andean Volcanological Observatory (Ovdas):
On Friday, November 29, at 19:48 local time (22:48 UTC), the monitoring stations installed near the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex recorded an earthquake associated with rock fracturing (volcano-tectonic type).
The characteristics of the earthquakes after their analysis are as follows:
TIME OF ORIGIN: 19:48 local time (22:48 UTC)
LATITUDE: 40.559° S
LONGITUDE: 72.174° West
DEPTH: 3.8 km
LOCAL MAGNITUDE: 3.2 (ML)
OBSERVATIONS:
The volcanic technical alert remains at level Green.
Source : Sernageomin
Photo : Wikipedia
Colombia , Chiles / Cerro Negro :
San Juan de Pasto, November 26, 2024, 2:40 p.m. .
From the monitoring of the activity of the Chiles and Cerro Negro volcanoes, the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), an entity attached to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, reports that:
During the week of November 19 to 25, 2024, the activity of the volcanoes showed fluctuations in their behavior. Compared to the previous week, the main variations in the monitored parameters were:
• The frequency of earthquakes increased slightly, although the seismic energy released decreased.
• Seismicity related to the fracture of rocks in the volcanic area continues to be dominant, but the recording of earthquakes associated with the movement of fluids continues.
• Fracture earthquakes were located in two main sources. The first was located in the collapse zone of the Chiles volcano located in the northern direction of its summit, at distances between 0 and 1.4 km, with depths between 2 and 5 km from its summit (4700 m), with a maximum magnitude of 1.2. The second source, more dispersed, was located in the southern sector of the Chiles volcano at distances between 1 and 5 km, with depths between 3 and 8 km from its summit and magnitudes lower than 1.0.
• Instruments that record cortical deformation and remote satellite sensors continue to show changes related to an inflationary process in the volcanic area.
Based on the above, the SGC recommends to closely monitor the evolution through the weekly bulletins and other information published through our official channels, as well as the instructions of the local and departmental authorities and the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD).
Volcanic activity remains in yellow alert status: active volcano with changes in the behavior of the base level of the monitored parameters and other manifestations.
Source et photo : SGC
