February 21 , 2018.
Mayon , Philippines :
MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN 21 February 2018 08:00 A.M.
Mayon’s activity in the past 24 hours was characterized by sporadic and weak lava fountaining, lava flow and degassing from the summit crater. Discrete seismic events associated with otherwise obscured lava fountaining that lasted six (6) to fifteen (15) minutes were recorded until 1:18 AM this morning. Incandescent lava fountains generated dirty white ash plumes that rose 500 meters from the summit before drifting west-northwest. Lava flow sustained at 3.3 kilometers, 4.5 kilometers and 900 meters on the Miisi, Bonga and Basud Gullies, respectively, from the summit crater. Pyroclastic density currents or PDCs remained confined within the farthest recorded reaches of 4.6, 5.2 and 4.2 kilometers on the Miisi, Bonga and Basud Gullies, respectively.
A total of one hundred eighty-three (183) volcanic earthquakes, corresponding to recharge of magma beneath the edifice and lava fountaining events, were recorded by Mayon’s seismic monitoring network. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission was measured at an average of 2,148 tonnes/day on 19 February 2018. Electronic tilt and continuous GPS still record sustained swelling or inflation of the edifice since November and October 2017, consistent with pressurization by magmatic intrusion.
Alert Level 4 still remains in effect over Mayon Volcano. The public is strongly advised to be vigilant and desist from entering the eight (8) kilometer-radius danger zone, and to be additionally vigilant against pyroclastic density currents, lahars and sediment-laden stream flows along channels draining the edifice. Civil aviation authorities must also advise pilots to avoid flying close to the volcano’s summit as ash from any sudden eruption can be hazardous to aircraft. DOST-PHIVOLCS maintains close monitoring of Mayon Volcano and any new development will be communicated to all concerned stakeholders.
Source : Phivolcs
Photos : Charism Sayat.
Nevados de Chillan , Chile :
During this period, forty-seven events (47) were classified as volcano-tectonic (VT), related to fracturing processes of rigid materials, with a maximum local amplitude (ML) of M 2.0. The strongest earthquake was 1.6 km northeast of the active crater at a depth of 3.7 km.
Similarly, 3540 earthquakes were recorded associated with the dynamics of the fluids inside the volcano. Of these, 2264 were considered as Long Period Type (LP) events, with a maximum reduced displacement value (DRC) of 175 cm2 for an event accompanied by ejection of pyroclastic materials. In addition, 1276 tremor (TR) events were recorded. The largest of these lasted about 10 minutes and had a maximum reduced displacement value of 104 cm2.
Between 3 and 15 February there were a total of 840 events associated with explosions, mainly magmatic gas and / or recording of sound signals picked up by the recording of microphones installed on the slopes of the volcano, which have measured a maximum pressure of 0.4 Pa reduced to 1 km distance on the explosion of highest recorded seismic energy.
The images obtained through the cameras installed near the volcanic complex, showed mainly gas emissions associated with the explosions, coming from the craters currently active with column heights lower than 1500 m compared to the level of the crater. During the night, the cameras sporadically recorded incandescences associated with certain explosions and / or an increase in gas emissions from the active crater.
On February 14th, at least 4 explosions were observed with 2 simultaneous emission columns, one white (charged with water vapor), the other more obscure (with a larger amount of ash). The largest was observed with an altitude of 1200 m, and produced an earthquake with a maximum reduced displacement value (DRC) of 175 cm2. It is noted that pyroclastic explosions occurred along a lateral crack between the dome body and the crater floor, associated with seismic signals of spectral shape different from the signals associated with the explosions through the crack of the dome , without particulate material, whose spectrum has shown a semi-harmonic character also represented in associated acoustic signals.
In order to better follow the growth of the dome located in the active crater of the Nevados volcanic complex of Chillan, Sernageomin, with the collaboration of the regional ONEMI of Biobío, carried out two consecutive overflights on 7 and 14 February, during which it It has been possible to measure temperatures of 500 and 550 ° C respectively.
Based on the observations made on the images obtained during the last three flyovers, an average dome growth rate estimated at 1,389 m3 / day was estimated, for a total of 82,500 m3 of extruded magma to date.
From the geodetic data, some very small changes are observed, attributable to very subtle volume changes in the volcanic building produced in recent months, which are in agreement with the activity recorded from 2016 and up to nowadays.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions from the Chillan Station Differential Absorption Spectrometry Equipment (DOAS), located 2.6 km from the active crater, had a monthly value of 170 +/- 132 t / day, and a daily maximum value of 300 t / day, reported on 09 February. SO2 emissions are at a low level for this volcano, correlated with the presence of a lava dome. During the overflight, it was recorded with the infrared camera, images determining SO2 flux values of 96 t / day. Emissions fluctuated between 5 and 440 t / day during the period of greater degassing. A decrease in S02 emissions has been observed for images captured in the last 2 months.
No thermal alert was reported from the data processed by the Mid Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) (http://www.mirovaweb.it/) and MODVOLC (http: //modis.higp .hawaii.edu /).
Continued explosive activity associated with the growth of the Gil-Cruz lava dome, located in the Nicanor crater with a low and near-uniform extrusion rate, which is also reflected in the stability of the recorded seismic energy rate . The body of the dome remains stable without significant collapse of its structure, with most explosions occurring through the SE-NW crack on its surface. It is pointed out that 90% of the domes set up are explosive, a phenomenon that could occur up to several months after extrusion, depending on the rheological characteristics of the magma present and / or a new injection of magma. The destruction of the dome will be associated with vulcanian type explosions, larger than those recorded so far, whose power will depend on the volume and / or pressure of the underlying magma body, with the possibility of generating pyroclastic flows and projectile and ash falls in the area associated with the volcano.
For all this, the level of activity remains at: YELLOW LEVEL: Changes in the behavior of volcanic activity – Probable time for an eruption: WEEKS / MONTH.
Observation: It is recommended to apply precautionary access restrictions in an area close to the crater with a radius of 4 kilometers around the active crater.
Source : Sernageomin
Cerro Machin , Colombia :
Subject: Cerro Machín Volcano Activity Bulletin.
The level of activity continues at the level: Yellow activity level or (III): changes in the behavior of volcanic activity.
With regard to monitoring the activity of the Cerro Machín volcano, the COLOMBIAN GEOLOGICAL SERVICE informs that:
During the last week, the recording of the seismic activity related to the fracturing of the rocks that make up the volcano continued. This seismicity showed a significant increase in the number of earthquakes and released seismic energy, compared to the previous week, mainly due to the increase on February 17, located in the main dome at depths between 2 , 6 and 4.5 km.
Earthquakes were also located in the west and south sections of the same dome at depths between 2.6 and 10.0 km. The maximum magnitude recorded during the week was 3.0 ML (Local Magnitude) for the earthquake at 10.29am (local time) on February 17th, located in the main dome, at a depth of 3.9km and reported as felt in the area of influence of the volcano. The other monitored parameters did not show any significant changes.
The COLOMBIAN GEOLOGICAL SERVICE is attentive to the evolution of the volcanic phenomenon and will continue to inform in a timely manner of the changes that may occur.
Source : SGC
Kadovar , Papua New Guinea :
PNG’s Kadovar community told return to volcanic island not viable
The Governor of Papua New Guinea’s East Sepik province says the people of Kadovar are not expected to live on their volcanic island again.
The small island just north of PNG’s mainland began erupting last month, prompting the evacuation of over 600 residents to the East Sepik capital Wewak.
According to the Rabaul Volcano Observatory, Kadovar’s eruption continues at a low-level with mild steaming at the summit, and gentle emission of lava.
But Governor Allan Bird said he has had to tell the resettled Kadovar community that a return was not viable.
He said they had accepted the sad news.
« I don’t think they’ll return to the island because all the top soil has fallen off it. It’s just a rock now. Even if they did want to go it would be very, very difficult for them to be able to put houses on, or train vegetables or coconuts, or anything like that. »
Alan Bird said the people’s basic needs were being taken care of.
« They’re getting enough food and things. The kids are going to school.
« We’re trying as much as possible to give them what you might call a normal life under the circumstances, » Mr Bird said.
Source : Radionz.co.nz
Dukono , Indonesia :
VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION – VONA.
Issued: February 21 , 2018.
Volcano: Dukono (268010)
Current Aviation Colour Code: ORANGE
Previous Aviation Colour Code: orange
Source: Dukono Volcano Observatory
Notice Number: 2018DUK22
Volcano Location: N 01 deg 41 min 35 sec E 127 deg 53 min 38 sec
Area: North Maluku, Indonesia
Summit Elevation: 3933 FT (1229 M)
Volcanic Activity Summary:
Eruption with volcanic ash cloud at 02h41 UTC (11h41 local)
Volcanic Cloud Height:
Best estimate of ash-cloud top is around 5213 FT (1629 M) above sea level, may be higher than what can be observed clearly. Source of height data: ground observer.
Other Volcanic Cloud Information:
Ash cloud moving to west.
Remarks:
Eruption and ash emission is continuing.
Level II Activity Level (WASPADA). The Dukono (1229 m above sea level) has a continuous eruption.
Since yesterday until this morning visually the summit of the volcano could be observed. Emissions of smoke and ash in the main crater were observed gray / white, thick, with an altitude of 300 to 700 m above the volcano, dispersing to the east.
According to the seismographs, dated February 20, 2018, it was recorded:
Ash emissions associated with continuous tremors with an amplitude of 0.5 to 20 mm (with a dominant value of 2 mm).
1 Earthquake eruption.
1 Tectonic earthquake.
There was no rumbling heard from the Dukono Post, 10 km north of the summit.
Recommendations: The communities around G. Dukono and visitors / tourists should not move, climb or approach the Malupang Warirang crater within 2 km.
Source : Magma , VSI
Photo : Sylvain Chermette ( 80joursvoyages.com/ ) .